Miyamoto Musashi was a Japanese swordsman and ronin (masterless samurai). Musashi died in 1645 of what was most likely thoracic cancer. He remained undefeated, having fought 61 duels. His work "The Book of Five Rings" is a treatise on his unique style of swordsmanship. Musashi also practiced other arts such as painting, poetry, and carpentry, and believed to be profoundly releated at the level of mastery.