This research work is based on the alarming visibility of sexual abuse in school contexts, against children and adolescents in Ecuador. The objective of this work was to support in a theoretical way, how sexual abuse in the school context violates the rights of children. To this end, a review of the literature and the current legal framework (Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code and the Code of Children and Adolescents) was carried out. The work is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, sexual abuse is defined as a form of violence that triggers negative consequences and places children and adolescents at risk and vulnerability. The second chapter deals with the subject of children's rights, explaining the importance of ensuring compliance at the normative level. Finally, the third chapter relates the two categories mentioned above, such as child sexual abuse and children's rights, in order to analyse the way in which children's rights are violated and put at risk when there are situations of child sexual abuse.