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Biografia John Milton
John Milton
Modifica bioCronologia

John Milton - (Londra, 9 dicembre 1608 - 8 novembre 1674) - stato uno dei maggiori scrittori e poeti inglesi.

Il suo capolavoro il poema epico Paradiso perduto (titolo originale: Paradise Lost), pubblicato nel 1667 quando - ormai cieco ed in povert - ne vendette i diritti per dieci sterline. L'opera - costituita da dodici libri nei quali d vita a quello che viene considerato un vero e proprio dramma cosmico - fu da lui effettivamente iniziata negli anni della produzione saggistica.

L' Areopagitica (del 1644), appello carico di fervore con cui sosteneva la libert di stampa, invece la sua opera in prosa pi conosciuta.

Milton scrisse anche ventiquattro sonetti (in parte pubblicati postumi) ed un breve testo didattico, il Trattato dell'educazione (Tractate of Education).

Educato in un ambiente puritano, dopo aver conseguito la laurea al Christ's College di Cambridge, Milton avvert insoddisfazione verso il clero anglicano; contestualmente, il crescente interesse per la poesia lo indusse a rinunciare a prendere gli ordini sacri. Vivendo con il padre, dal 1632 al 1638 nel Buckimghamshire, pot studiare, libero da ogni preoccupazione, i classici e la storia ecclesiastica e politica, specialmente su testi di Bembo, Dante, Petrarca e Tasso.

Negli anni successivi viaggi molto tra Francia ed Italia ma, al rientro in Inghilterra, fissata la sua dimora a Londra, si dedic all'insegnamento ed alla scrittura di trattati religiosi e politici.


Milton ricopr anche cariche di Stato: quando l'Inghilterra fu attraversata dalla guerra civile ed egli appoggi con i suoi scritti la causa parlamentare fu nominato nel 1649 segretario degli Affari esteri. Pochi anni dopo, nel 1652, fu colpito da cecit e per proseguire a scrivere dovette ricorrere all'aiuto di un segretario.

Oltre al Paradiso perduto - assieme a cui pubblicher la tragedia in cinque anni Sansone Agonista ispirato alle vicende bibliche di Sansone e Dalila, e al quale far seguire nel 1671 il Paradiso riconquistato - la produzione letteraria di Milton annovera diversi importanti scritti. Risalgono al periodo compreso tra il 1625 ed il 1640 il Licida (o Lycidas), un'elega pastorale in 193 versi, scritta nel 1637 in memoria di uno studente di Cambridge, in cui il poeta affronta il tema della morte che - specialmente se prematura - giunge a spezzare aspettative ed ambizioni, e L'allegro e Il penseroso, due poemetti terminati di scrivere nel 1631 ma pubblicati solo una quindicina di anni dopo.

I libelli

Al secondo periodo letterario di Milton - 1640 - 1660 - risalgono invece i pamphlet che - gi dalla loro pubblicazione - lo resero famoso e nei quali attacca l'istituzione episcopale e si pronuncia in maniera favorevole per un ritorno dello spirito della Riforma (Of Reformation Touching Church Discipline in England, del 1641.

Un altro di questi libelli - The Reason of Church Government Urged Against Prelaty, scritto e pubblicato fra il 1641 ed il 1642, contiene accenni autobiografici di rilievo storico. La tematica del divorzio, che lo scrittore appoggi intorno al 1643, invece affrontata in Dottrina e disciplina del divorzio (The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce).

Ultimi scritti

Negli ultimi trattati da lui scritti intorno al 1660 - Difesa del popolo anglicano (Pro populo anglicano defensio) e Trattato del potere civile nelle cause ecclesiastiche (Treatise of Civil Power in Ecclesiastical Causes) - Milton affronta temi pi strettamente teologici pronunciandosi a favore di un'interpretazione assolutamente soggettiva delle Sacre Scritture - con suggerimenti per una effettiva riforma di governo.

Da wikipedia

John Milton I Libri Biografia Recensione Le foto

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