| Biografia Samuel Johnson |
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Nato a Lichfield [Staffordshire] nel 1709 (morì a London nel 1784), deciso a occuparsi di letteratura, si trasferì a London dove visse nei primi anni in estrema povertà mantenendosi con lavori di compilazione. Una certa fama ebbe con l'adattamento di due satire di Iovenalis: London (1738) e La vanità dei desideri umani (The vanity of human wishes, 1749). La sua fama è legata al "Dizionario della lingua inglese" (Dictionary of the english language, 1747-1755), il primo del genere, quasi interamente redatto da lui e costruito sulle sue vastissime letture. Nel 1764 fondò un celebre circolo letterario, The Club (che diverrà poi Literary Club). Johnson, noto con il nome di "dottor Johnson", fu tra i primi letterati professionisti, al centro del mondo culturale inglese del tempo. Pubblicò saggi sul «The Rambler» (1750-1752), e sul «The Idler» (1758- 1760). Scrisse la tragedia Irene (1749). Racconto filosofico alla maniera del "Candide" di Voltaire è Rasselas (1759). Interessante anche "Un viaggio alle isole occidentali della Scozia" (A journey to the western islands of Scotland, 1775). Scrisse di critica, e le sue posizioni rimangono tra le più interessanti del secolo. Si segnalano "Vite di poeti" (Lives of poets, 1779-1781), e una famosa edizione dei "Drammi di Shakespeare" (The plays of W. Shakespeare, 1765) che è una delle prime moderne valutazioni della grandezza di Shakespeare. Diede un influsso decisivo sulle poetiche del romanticismo.
All'interno delle "Vite dei poeti" è anche la biografia scritta in memoria di Richard Savage: Resoconto della vita di Richard Savage (An account of the life of Mr Richard savage, 1744), scritta in età giovanile da Johnson e poi inclusa nella raccolta maggiore. Savage, autore mediocre e dalla vita certamente non esemplare, è posto accanto ai "grandi" dell'olimpo culturale inglese. Una cosa che non andò giù all'amico e biografo di Johnson, Boswell, che cercò vanamente di capirne le ragioni. In effetti questa biografia, è l'omaggio personale di Johnson a un autore ritenuto sfortunato: le "circostanze" e in parte il carattere dell'uomo sono la causa dei comportamenti certamente indifendibili di Savage. Johnson conobbe Savage, ne fu amico, legato in anni giovanili, formativi, in epoca che fu certamente determinante per lo sviluppo intellettuale di Johnson; lui è consapevole dei limiti dell'uomo e dell'artista, eppure ne ha pietà. Non si tratta solo di un atto di amicizia, ma la consapevolezza che aldilà dei limiti umani, esiste una vicinanza tra gli umani che va mantenuta. Sembra dire (a sè stesso) Johnson nelle pagine dedicate all'amico Savage: quello che era Savage sarei potuto essere anch'io, in circostanze simili e con un mestiere, quello intellettuale, così vulnerabile: l'importanza della biografia di Savage ha così valore umano esemplare, allo stesso modo dell'esemplarità delle altre biografie dedicate agli altri autori (come è stato notato, a Pope Johnson dedica "appena" una ventina di pagine in più...), per altri aspetti. Grandissimo conversatore, i suoi colloqui furono riportati dall'amico e ammiratore James Boswell nella sua "Vita di Samuel Johnson" (The life of Samuel Johnson, 1791).
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